The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium (RMFAB) contain collections of around 20,000 paintings, sculptures and drawings, which are preserved and studied in four separate areas, i.e. the Museum of Ancient Art, the Museum of Modern Art, the Meunier Museum and the Wiertz Museum.

The Museum of Ancient Art houses art works from the 15th to the 18th century. Its collections cover the painting of the former Southern Low Countries (the Flemish primitives, Bruegel, Rubens, Jordaens, etc.).

The Museum of Modern Art covers the art of the 19th Century to the present day, mostly Belgian and French painting of the 19th and 20th Centuries, from Rik Wouters to contemporary trends. It contains highly important collections of Ensor, Magritte and Delvaux, alongside interesting works by Dali, Miro, Chirico and many painters from the Cobra school.

The Modern Art department also contains the Wiertz Museum and the Meunier Museum, which, being set out as art workshops, are dedicated to the work of these two painters/sculptors from the Belgian romantic period.

In 2007, the hotels, the Gresham (with its listed entrance) and the Argenteau, were fully renovated and incorporated in the original constructions, which together form the RMFAB. The inner courtyard was transformed, to create a covered patio, and the majestic royal staircase was restored to its former glory. The RMFAB now has a "Museum Shop" and "Museum Café".