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Discovery of a TiO emission band in the infrared spectrum of the S star NP Aurigae

dc.contributor.authorSmolders, K.
dc.contributor.authorVerhoelst, T.
dc.contributor.authorNeyskens, P.
dc.contributor.authorBlommaert, J.A.D.L.
dc.contributor.authorDecin, L.
dc.contributor.authorVan Winckel, H.
dc.contributor.authorVan Eck, S.
dc.contributor.authorSloan, G.C.
dc.contributor.authorCami, J.
dc.contributor.authorHony, S.
dc.contributor.authorDe Cat, P.
dc.contributor.authorMenu, J.
dc.contributor.authorVos, J.
dc.date2012
dc.date.accessioned2016-03-29T10:07:35Z
dc.date.available2016-03-29T10:07:35Z
dc.identifier.urihttps://orfeo.belnet.be/handle/internal/2966
dc.descriptionWe report on the discovery of an infrared emission band in the Spitzer spectrum of the S-type AGB star NP Aurigae that is caused by TiO molecules in the circumstellar environment. We modeled the observed emission to derive the temperature of the TiO molecules (≈600 K), an upper limit on the column density (≈1017.25 cm-2) and a lower limit on the spatial extent of the layer that contains these molecules. (≈4.6 R⋆). This is the first time that this TiO emission band is observed. A search for similar emission features in the sample of S-type stars yielded two additional candidates. However, owing to the additional dust emission, the identification is less stringent. By comparing the stellar characteristics of NP Aur to those of the other stars in our sample, we find that all stars with TiO emission show large-amplitude pulsations, s-process enrichment, and a low C/O ratio. These characteristics might be necessary requirements for a star to show TiO in emission, but they are not sufficient.
dc.languageeng
dc.titleDiscovery of a TiO emission band in the infrared spectrum of the S star NP Aurigae
dc.typeArticle
dc.subject.frascatiPhysical sciences
dc.audienceScientific
dc.subject.freeAGB stars
dc.subject.freeCircumstellar
dc.subject.freeCircumstellar matters
dc.subject.freeColumn density
dc.subject.freeDust emission
dc.subject.freeEmission bands
dc.subject.freeEmission features
dc.subject.freeInfrared emissions
dc.subject.freeInfrared spectrum
dc.subject.freeInfrared: star
dc.subject.freeLower limits
dc.subject.freeS-process
dc.subject.freeSpatial extent
dc.subject.freeSpitzer
dc.subject.freeStars:AGB and post AGB
dc.subject.freeTechniques: spectroscopic
dc.subject.freeTiO
dc.subject.freeUpper limits
dc.subject.freeMolecules
dc.subject.freeStars
dc.source.titleAstronomy and Astrophysics
dc.source.volume543
dc.source.pageL2
Orfeo.peerreviewedYes
dc.identifier.doi10.1051/0004-6361/201219520
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-84862872573


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