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Stratospheric aerosol - Observations, processes, and impact on climate

dc.contributor.authorKremser, S.
dc.contributor.authorThomason, L.W.
dc.contributor.authorvon Hobe, M.
dc.contributor.authorHermann, M.
dc.contributor.authorDeshler, T.
dc.contributor.authorTimmreck, C.
dc.contributor.authorToohey, M.
dc.contributor.authorStenke, A.
dc.contributor.authorSchwarz, J.P.
dc.contributor.authorWeigel, R.
dc.contributor.authorFueglistaler, S.
dc.contributor.authorPrata, F.J.
dc.contributor.authorVernier, J.-P.
dc.contributor.authorSchlager, H.
dc.contributor.authorBarnes, J.E.
dc.contributor.authorAntuña-Marrero, J.-C.
dc.contributor.authorFairlie, D.
dc.contributor.authorPalm, M.
dc.contributor.authorMahieu, E.
dc.contributor.authorNotholt, J.
dc.contributor.authorRex, M.
dc.contributor.authorBingen, C.
dc.contributor.authorVanhellemont, F.
dc.contributor.authorBourassa, A.
dc.contributor.authorPlane, J.M.C.
dc.contributor.authorKlocke, D.
dc.contributor.authorCarn, S.A.
dc.contributor.authorClarisse, L.
dc.contributor.authorTrickl, T.
dc.contributor.authorNeely, R.
dc.contributor.authorJames, A.D.
dc.contributor.authorRieger, L.
dc.contributor.authorWilson, J.C.
dc.contributor.authorMeland, B.
dc.date2016
dc.date.accessioned2016-08-25T09:33:16Z
dc.date.available2016-08-25T09:33:16Z
dc.identifier.urihttps://orfeo.belnet.be/handle/internal/4274
dc.descriptionInterest in stratospheric aerosol and its role in climate have increased over the last decade due to the observed increase in stratospheric aerosol since 2000 and the potential for changes in the sulfur cycle induced by climate change. This review provides an overview about the advances in stratospheric aerosol research since the last comprehensive assessment of stratospheric aerosol was published in 2006. A crucial development since 2006 is the substantial improvement in the agreement between in situ and space-based inferences of stratospheric aerosol properties during volcanically quiescent periods. Furthermore, new measurement systems and techniques, both in situ and space based, have been developed for measuring physical aerosol properties with greater accuracy and for characterizing aerosol composition. However, these changes induce challenges to constructing a long-term stratospheric aerosol climatology. Currently, changes in stratospheric aerosol levels less than 20% cannot be confidently quantified. The volcanic signals tend to mask any nonvolcanically driven change, making them difficult to understand. While the role of carbonyl sulfide as a substantial and relatively constant source of stratospheric sulfur has been confirmed by new observations and model simulations, large uncertainties remain with respect to the contribution from anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions. New evidence has been provided that stratospheric aerosol can also contain small amounts of nonsulfate matter such as black carbon and organics. Chemistry-climate models have substantially increased in quantity and sophistication. In many models the implementation of stratospheric aerosol processes is coupled to radiation and/or stratospheric chemistry modules to account for relevant feedback processes.
dc.languageeng
dc.titleStratospheric aerosol - Observations, processes, and impact on climate
dc.typeArticle
dc.subject.frascatiEarth and related Environmental sciences
dc.audienceScientific
dc.subject.freeCarbon
dc.subject.freeClimate change
dc.subject.freeClimate models
dc.subject.freeReviews
dc.subject.freeSulfur
dc.subject.freeSulfur dioxide
dc.subject.freeAerosol composition
dc.subject.freeAerosol properties
dc.subject.freeChemistry-climate models
dc.subject.freeComprehensive assessment
dc.subject.freeMeasurement system
dc.subject.freeStratospheric aerosols
dc.subject.freeStratospheric chemistry
dc.subject.freeSulfur dioxide emissions
dc.subject.freeAerosols
dc.source.titleReviews of Geophysics
dc.source.volume54
dc.source.issue2
dc.source.page278-335
Orfeo.peerreviewedYes
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/2015RG000511
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-84966359545


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