Why is it so hard to gain enough Vitamin D by solar exposure in the European winter?
| dc.contributor.author | Seckmeyer, G. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Mustert, C. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Schrempf, M. | |
| dc.contributor.author | McKenzie, R. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Liley, B. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Kotkamp, M. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Bais, A. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Gillotay, D. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Slaper, H. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Siani, A.-M. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Smedley, A. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Webb, A. | |
| dc.date | 2018 | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2018-09-18T13:37:04Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2018-09-18T13:37:04Z | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://orfeo.belnet.be/handle/internal/7076 | |
| dc.description | UV exposure, which is the main source for a sufficient level of vitamin D in the human body, is found to be up to a factor of 7 lower in Northern Germany (52° N) in the winter months compared to UV levels in the central region of New Zealand's South Island (45° S). When corrected for the influence of solar zenith angle, the vitamin D-weighted exposure is still a factor of 2 higher in the southern hemisphere at the corresponding latitude. The major part of the difference can be attributed to differences in cloudiness, and a minor part to total ozone and aerosols. Data from several stations in Europe show a high variability due to cloudiness differences between the stations and between different years, but they also show that the differences are not restricted to individual sites and may characterize a northern versus southern hemisphere contrast. Wintertime erythemally-weighted irradiance is also found to be much higher in New Zealand than in Europe. Whereas on a monthly average clouds weaken the UV irradiation by up to 25 % for most locations in New Zealand, the reduction is usually up to 50 % in central Europe in winter. | |
| dc.language | eng | |
| dc.title | Why is it so hard to gain enough Vitamin D by solar exposure in the European winter? | |
| dc.type | Article | |
| dc.subject.frascati | Earth and related Environmental sciences | |
| dc.audience | Scientific | |
| dc.subject.free | Vitamin D | |
| dc.subject.free | Erythema | |
| dc.subject.free | Hemispherical UV Differences | |
| dc.subject.free | Exposure model | |
| dc.source.title | Meteorologische Zeitschrift | |
| dc.source.volume | 27 | |
| dc.source.issue | 3 | |
| dc.source.page | 223-233 | |
| Orfeo.peerreviewed | Yes | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.1127/metz/2018/0855 |
