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    Precursor-free eruption triggered by edifice rupture at Nyiragongo volcano

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    Authors
    Smittarello, D.
    Smets, B.
    Barrière, J.
    Michelier, C.
    Oth, A.
    Shreve, T.
    Grandin, R.
    Theys, N.
    Brenot, H.
    Cayol, V.
    Allard, P.
    Caudron, C.
    Chevrel, O.
    Darchambeau, F.
    de Buyl, P.
    Delhaye, L.
    Derauw, D.
    Ganci, G.
    Geirson, H.
    Kamate Kaleghetso, E.
    Kambale Makundi, J.
    Kambale Nguomoja, I.
    Kasereka Mahinda, C.
    Kimanuka Kervyn, M.
    Ruhiro, C.
    Le Mével, H.
    Molendijk, S.
    Namur, O.
    Poppe, S.
    Schmid, M.
    Subira, J.
    Wauthier, C.
    Yalire, M.
    d’Oreye, N.
    Kervyn, F.
    Syavulisembo Muhindo, A.
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    Discipline
    Earth and related Environmental sciences
    Subject
    Natural hazards
    Volcanology
    Audience
    Scientific
    Date
    2022
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Description
    Classical mechanisms of volcanic eruptions mostly involve pressure buildup and magma ascent towards the surface1. Such processes produce geophysical and geochemical signals that may be detected and interpreted as eruption precursors1–3. On 22 May 2021, Mount Nyiragongo (Democratic Republic of the Congo), an open-vent volcano with a persistent lava lake perched within its summit crater, shook up this interpretation by producing an approximately six-hour-long flank eruption without apparent precursors, followed—rather than preceded—by lateral magma motion into the crust. Here we show that this reversed sequence was most likely initiated by a rupture of the edifice, producing deadly lava flows and triggering a voluminous 25-km-long dyke intrusion. The dyke propagated southwards at very shallow depth (less than 500 m) underneath the cities of Goma (Democratic Republic of the Congo) and Gisenyi (Rwanda), as well as Lake Kivu. This volcanic crisis raises new questions about the mechanisms controlling such eruptions and the possibility of facing substantially more hazardous events, such as effusions within densely urbanized areas, phreato-magmatism or a limnic eruption from the gas-rich Lake Kivu. It also more generally highlights the challenges faced with open-vent volcanoes for monitoring, early detection and risk management when a significant volume of magma is stored close to the surface.
    Citation
    Smittarello, D.; Smets, B.; Barrière, J.; Michelier, C.; Oth, A.; Shreve, T.; Grandin, R.; Theys, N.; Brenot, H.; Cayol, V.; Allard, P.; Caudron, C.; Chevrel, O.; Darchambeau, F.; de Buyl, P.; Delhaye, L.; Derauw, D.; Ganci, G.; Geirson, H.; Kamate Kaleghetso, E.; Kambale Makundi, J.; Kambale Nguomoja, I.; Kasereka Mahinda, C.; Kimanuka Kervyn, M.; Ruhiro, C.; Le Mével, H.; Molendijk, S.; Namur, O.; Poppe, S.; Schmid, M.; Subira, J.; Wauthier, C.; Yalire, M.; d’Oreye, N.; Kervyn, F.; Syavulisembo Muhindo, A. (2022). Precursor-free eruption triggered by edifice rupture at Nyiragongo volcano. , Nature, Vol. 609, Issue 7925, 83-88, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05047-8.
    Identifiers
    uri: https://orfeo.belnet.be/handle/internal/10103
    doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05047-8
    scopus:
    Type
    Article
    Peer-Review
    Yes
    Language
    eng
    Links
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