Measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and carbon monoxide (CO) are of great importance in the Qinghai-Tibetan region, as it is the highest and largest plateau in the world affecting global weather and climate systems. In this study, for the first time, we present CO2, CH4, and CO column measurements carried out by a Bruker EM27/SUN Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) at Golmud (36.42°E, 94.91°N, 2808 m) in August 2021. The mean and standard deviation of the column-average dry-air mixing ratio of CO2, CH4, and CO (XCO2, XCH4, and XCO) are 409.3 ± 0.4 ppm, 1905.5 ± 19.4 ppb, and 103.1 ± 7.7 ppb, respectively. The differences between the FTIR co-located TROPOMI/S5P satellite measurements at Golmud are 0.68 ± 0.64% (13.1 ± 12.2 ppb) for XCH4 and 9.81 ± 3.48% (−10.7 ± 3.8 ppb) for XCO, which are within their retrieval uncertainties. High correlations for both XCH4 and XCO are observed between the FTIR and S5P satellite measurements. Using the FLEXPART model and satellite measurements, we find that enhanced CH4 and CO columns in Golmud are affected by anthropogenic emissions transported from North India. This study provides an insight into the variations of the CO2, CH4, and CO columns in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.