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    Proton flux variations during solar energetic particle events, minimum and maximum solar activity, and splitting of the proton belt in the South Atlantic Anomaly

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    Authors
    Pierrard, V.
    Benck, S.
    Botek, E.
    Borisov, S.,
    Winant, A.
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    Discipline
    Physical sciences
    Subject
    radiation belts
    energetic protons
    geomagnetic storms
    solar energetic particle events
    solar cycle
    south Atlantic Anomaly
    Audience
    Scientific
    Date
    2023
    Metadata
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    Description
    The analysis of the proton flux variations observed by the Energetic Particle Telescope (EPT) at energies >9.5 MeV from the launch of PROBA-V satellite on 7 May 2013 up to October 2022 shows an anti-correlation between the proton fluxes and the solar phase. At solar minimum, the fluxes are higher at low L corresponding to the northern border of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA). This solar cycle modulation of the inner belt is mainly due to losses by increased atmospheric interactions during solar maximum. Strong Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events, like in January 2014, June 2015, and September 2017, inject energetic protons at high latitudes, but not in the inner belt where protons are trapped at long term at low L. Nevertheless, big geomagnetic storms, including those following SEP a few days after, can cause losses of protons at the outer border of the proton belt, due to magnetic field perturbations. A double peak in the proton belt is observed during long period of measurements only for the EPT channel of 9.5–13 MeV. The narrow gap between the two peaks in the inner belt is located around L = 2. This resembles to a splitting of the proton belt, separating the SAA into two different parts, North and South. The high-resolution measurements of PROBA-V/EPT allow the observation of small-scale structures that brings new elements to the understanding of the different source and loss mechanisms acting on the proton radiation belt at LEO.
    Citation
    Pierrard, V.; Benck, S.; Botek, E.; Borisov, S.,; Winant, A. (2023). Proton flux variations during solar energetic particle events, minimum and maximum solar activity, and splitting of the proton belt in the South Atlantic Anomaly. , Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 128, Issue 5, e2022JA031202, DOI: 10.1029/2022JA031202.
    Identifiers
    uri: https://orfeo.belnet.be/handle/internal/10985
    doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022JA031202
    scopus:
    Type
    Article
    Peer-Review
    Yes
    Language
    eng
    Links
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