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    Nyiragongo Crater Collapses Measured by Multi-Sensor SAR Amplitude Time Series

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    Authors
    Smittarello, D.
    Grandin, R.
    Jaspard, M.
    Derauw, D.
    d'Oreye, N.
    Shreve, T.
    Debret, M.
    Theys, N.
    Brenot, H.
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    Discipline
    Earth and related Environmental sciences
    Subject
    SAR
    crater collapse
    Nyiragongo
    volcanology
    remote sensing
    Audience
    Scientific
    Date
    2023
    Metadata
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    Description
    Crater morphology undergoes rapid changes at active volcanoes, and quantifying these changes during volcanic unrest episodes is crucial for assessing volcanic activity levels. However, various limitations, including restricted crater access, cloud cover, haze, and intra-crater eruptive activity, often impede regular optical or on-site crater monitoring. To overcome these challenges, we utilize multi-sensor satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery to generate dense time series of quantitative indicators for monitoring crater morphological changes. By combining images from diverse satellites and acquisition modes, we achieve high temporal resolution. Nevertheless, due to variations in acquisition geometries, direct image comparisons become impractical. To address this, we develop PickCraterSAR, an open-access Python tool that employs basic trigonometry assumptions to measure crater radius and depth from SAR amplitude images in radar geometry. We apply our methodology to study the crater collapse associated with the May 2021 and January 2002 eruptions of Nyiragongo volcano. Following the 2021 collapse, we estimate the maximum depth of the crater to be 850 m below the rim, with a total volume of 84 ± 10 Mm3. Notably, the post-2021 eruption crater was 270 m deeper but only 15\%–20\% more voluminous compared to the post-2002 eruption crater. Additionally, we demonstrate that the 2021 crater collapse occurred progressively while a dike intrusion migrated southward as a consequence of the drainage of the lava lake system. Overall, our study showcases the utility of multi-sensor SAR imagery and introduces PickCraterSAR as a valuable tool for monitoring and analyzing crater morphological changes, providing insights into the dynamics of volcanic activity.
    Citation
    Smittarello, D.; Grandin, R.; Jaspard, M.; Derauw, D.; d'Oreye, N.; Shreve, T.; Debret, M.; Theys, N.; Brenot, H. (2023). Nyiragongo Crater Collapses Measured by Multi-Sensor SAR Amplitude Time Series. , Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 128, Issue 10, e2023JB026683, DOI: 10.1029/2023JB026683.
    Identifiers
    uri: https://orfeo.belnet.be/handle/internal/11165
    doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023JB026683
    url:
    Type
    Article
    Peer-Review
    Yes
    Language
    eng
    Links
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