Review of Solar Energetic Particle Prediction Models

Whitman, K.; Egeland, Richardson, I.G.; Allison, C.; Quinn, P.; Barzilla, J.; Kitiashvili, I.; Sadykov, V.; Bain, H.M.; Dierckxsens, M.; Mays, M.L.; Tadesse, T.; Lee, K.T.; Semones, E.; Luhmann, J.G.; Núñez, M.; White, S.M.; Kahler, S.W.; Ling, A.G.; Smart, D.F.; Shea, M.A.; Tenishev, V.; Boubrahimi, S.F.; Aydin, B.; Martens, P.; Angryk, R.; Marsh, M.S.; Dalla, S.; Crosby, N.; Schwadron, N.A.; Kozarev, K.; Gorby, M.; Young, M.A.; Laurenza, M.; Cliver, E.W.; Alberti, T.; Stumpo, M.; Benella, S.; Papaioannou, A.; Anastasiadis, A.; Sandberg, I.; Georgoulis, M.K.; Ji, A.; Kempton, D.; Pandey, C.; Li, G.; Hu, J.; Zank, G.P.; Lavasa, E.; Giannopoulos, G.; Falconer, D.; Kadadi, Y.; Fernandes, I.; Dayeh, M.A.; Muñoz-Jaramillo, A.; Chatterjee, S.; Moreland, K.M.; Sokolov, I.V.; Roussev, I.I.; Taktakishvili, A.; Effenberger, F.; Gombosi, T.; Huang, Z.; Zhao, L.; Wijsen, N.; Aran, A.; Poedts, S.; Kouloumvakos, A.; Paassilita, M.; Vainio, R.; Belov, A.; Eroshenko, E.A.; Abunina, M.A.; Abunin, A.A.; Balch, C.C.; Malandraki, O.; Karavolos, M.; Heber, B.; Labrenz, J.; Kühl, P.; Kosovichev, A.G.; Oria, V.; Nita, G.M.; Illarionov, E.; O’Keefe, P.M.; Jiang, Y.; Fereira, S.H.; Ali, A.; Paouris, E.; Aminalragia-Giamini, S.; Jiggens, P.; Jin, M.; Lee, C.O.; Palmerio, E.; Bruno, A.; Kasapis, S.; Wang, X.; Chen, Y.; Sanahuja, B.; Lario, D.; Jacobs, C.; Du Toit Strauss, R.; Steyn, R.; Van den Berg, J.; Swalwell, B.; Waterfall, C.; Nedal, M.; Miteva, R.; Dechev, M.; Zucca, P.; Engell, A.; Maze, B.; Farmer, H.; Kerber, T.; Barnett, B.; Loomis, J.; Grey, N.; Thompson, B.J.; Linker, J.A.; Caplan, R.M.; Downs, C.; Török, T.; Lionello, R.; Titov, V.; Zhang, M.; Hosseinzadeh, P.

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Authors

Whitman, K.

Egeland, Richardson, I.G.

Allison, C.

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Discipline

Physical sciences

Subject

Space radiation

Solar energetic particles

Space weather models

Space weather forecasting

SEP models

Audience

Scientific

Date

2023

Metadata

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Description

Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events are interesting from a scientific perspective as they are the product of a broad set of physical processes from the corona out through the extent of the heliosphere, and provide insight into processes of particle acceleration and transport that are widely applicable in astrophysics. From the operations perspective, SEP events pose a radiation hazard for aviation, electronics in space, and human space exploration, in particular for missions outside of the Earth’s protective magnetosphere including to the Moon and Mars. Thus, it is critical to improve the scientific understanding of SEP events and use this understanding to develop and improve SEP forecasting capabilities to support operations. Many SEP models exist or are in development using a wide variety of approaches and with differing goals. These include computationally intensive physics-based models, fast and light empirical models, machine learning-based models, and mixed-model approaches. The aim of this paper is to summarize all of the SEP models currently developed in the scientific community, including a description of model approach, inputs and outputs, free parameters, and any published validations or comparisons with data.

Citation

Whitman, K.; Egeland, Richardson, I.G.; Allison, C.; Quinn, P.; Barzilla, J.; Kitiashvili, I.; Sadykov, V.; Bain, H.M.; Dierckxsens, M.; Mays, M.L.; Tadesse, T.; Lee, K.T.; Semones, E.; Luhmann, J.G.; Núñez, M.; White, S.M.; Kahler, S.W.; Ling, A.G.; Smart, D.F.; Shea, M.A.; Tenishev, V.; Boubrahimi, S.F.; Aydin, B.; Martens, P.; Angryk, R.; Marsh, M.S.; Dalla, S.; Crosby, N.; Schwadron, N.A.; Kozarev, K.; Gorby, M.; Young, M.A.; Laurenza, M.; Cliver, E.W.; Alberti, T.; Stumpo, M.; Benella, S.; Papaioannou, A.; Anastasiadis, A.; Sandberg, I.; Georgoulis, M.K.; Ji, A.; Kempton, D.; Pandey, C.; Li, G.; Hu, J.; Zank, G.P.; Lavasa, E.; Giannopoulos, G.; Falconer, D.; Kadadi, Y.; Fernandes, I.; Dayeh, M.A.; Muñoz-Jaramillo, A.; Chatterjee, S.; Moreland, K.M.; Sokolov, I.V.; Roussev, I.I.; Taktakishvili, A.; Effenberger, F.; Gombosi, T.; Huang, Z.; Zhao, L.; Wijsen, N.; Aran, A.; Poedts, S.; Kouloumvakos, A.; Paassilita, M.; Vainio, R.; Belov, A.; Eroshenko, E.A.; Abunina, M.A.; Abunin, A.A.; Balch, C.C.; Malandraki, O.; Karavolos, M.; Heber, B.; Labrenz, J.; Kühl, P.; Kosovichev, A.G.; Oria, V.; Nita, G.M.; Illarionov, E.; O’Keefe, P.M.; Jiang, Y.; Fereira, S.H.; Ali, A.; Paouris, E.; Aminalragia-Giamini, S.; Jiggens, P.; Jin, M.; Lee, C.O.; Palmerio, E.; Bruno, A.; Kasapis, S.; Wang, X.; Chen, Y.; Sanahuja, B.; Lario, D.; Jacobs, C.; Du Toit Strauss, R.; Steyn, R.; Van den Berg, J.; Swalwell, B.; Waterfall, C.; Nedal, M.; Miteva, R.; Dechev, M.; Zucca, P.; Engell, A.; Maze, B.; Farmer, H.; Kerber, T.; Barnett, B.; Loomis, J.; Grey, N.; Thompson, B.J.; Linker, J.A.; Caplan, R.M.; Downs, C.; Török, T.; Lionello, R.; Titov, V.; Zhang, M.; Hosseinzadeh, P. (2023). Review of Solar Energetic Particle Prediction Models. , Advances in Space Research, Vol. 72, Issue 12, 5161-5242, DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2022.08.006.

Identifiers

uri: https://orfeo.belnet.be/handle/internal/11204

doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2022.08.006

url:

Type

Article

Peer-Review

Yes

Language

eng