Moths in the family Gracillariidae constitute one of the primary group of plant mining Lepidoptera. Gracillariids include approximately 2,000 described species of which 254 have been recorded in Europe. Here we present barcode data for more than 1000 specimens of 180 European species. Morphology and DNA barcodes were carefully studied and compared. Our results indicate that most species form barcode clusters allowing their reliable identification. We discuss cases for which there is a mismatch between morphology and barcodes. DNA barcoding revealed divergent clusters within several described species and careful re-inspection revealed morphologic diagnostic characters associated with several of those genetic clusters.