Background Monogenean parasites have never been formally reported on fish from the Lufira basin. Then it is hypothesised that multiple monogenean species are to be recorded that are new to the region. This study aimed to record the gill monogenean parasite fauna of three cichlid fish species in the Upper Lufira basin by inventorying their diversity (species composition) and analysing their infection parameters (prevalence, mean intensity and abundance). Methods Oreochromis mweruensis, Coptodon rendalli, and Serranochromis macrocephalus were selected for the study, given their economic value and their abundance in the Upper Lufira basin. Monogeneans were isolated from the gills and stomach, mounted on glass slides with either Hoyer s medium or ammonium picrate-glycerin for further identification under a stereomicroscope, based on morphological analysis of genital and haptoral hard parts. Indices of diversity and infections parameters were calculated. Results A total of thirteen gill monogenean parasite species (Cichlidogyrus dossoui, C. halli, C. karibae, C. mbirizei, C. papernastrema, C. quaestio, C. sclerosus, C. tiberianus, C. tilapiae, C. zambezensis, Scutogyrus gravivaginus, S. cf. bailloni and Gyrodactylus nyanzae) and one stomach monogenean (Enterogyrus malmbergi) were reported. A species richness of S= 10 for O. mweruensis, S= 6 for C. rendalli and S= 2 for S. macrocephalus were recorded. Five parasite species were reported to be common amongst O. mweruensis and C. rendalli. The most prevalent parasite species were C. halli (P= 80.9%) on O. mweruensis, C. dossoui (P= 92.9%) on C. rendalli and C. karibae and C. zambezensis (both of which P = 9.1%) on S. macrocephalus with a respective mean infection intensity of 7.9 on O. mweruensis, 9.8 on C. rendalli and 5 and 15, respectively, on S. macrocephalus. Results of this study reported new host ranges for five parasites species (C. quaestio, S. cf. bailloni, E. malmbergi on O. mweruensis, C. halli on C. rendalli and C. karibae on S. macrocephalus) as well as new geographical records for three of them (S. cf. bailloni, E. malmbergi, C. karibae). Conclusions This study highlights the richness of monogenean communities in the Upper Lufira basin and is a starting point for future helminthological studies, e.g. on the use of fish parasites as indicators of anthropogenic impacts.