Generation of Proton Beams at Switchback Boundary-like Rotational Discontinuities in the Solar Wind
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Discipline
Physical sciences
Subject
Solar wind
Alfven waves
Space plasmas
Audience
Scientific
Date
2026Metadata
Show full item recordDescription
Alfvénic rotational discontinuities (RDs) are abundant in the inner heliosphere and can be used to model the boundary of switchbacks, i.e., Alfvénic magnetic kinks. To investigate the effects of RDs on proton kinetics, we model a pair of switchback-boundary-like RDs with a hybrid Particle-In-Cell approach in a 2D system. We find that, at one of the boundary RDs, a significant population of protons remains trapped over long times, creating a secondary beam-like component with temperature anisotropy T⊥/T∥ ≳ 4 in the proton velocity distribution function that excites ion cyclotron waves within the downstream portion of the transition layer. Further analysis suggests that the static electric field in the vicinity of the RD is the key factor in trapping the protons. This work indicates that switchback boundaries could represent a viable environment for the creation of proton beams in the heliosphere; it also highlights the need to investigate RD substructures, especially the embedded current systems of interplanetary RDs. Finally, this paper underscores the importance of high-resolution observations of the solar wind velocity distributions around RDs.
Citation
Lin, R.; Bacchini, F.; He, J.; Huang, K.; Pezzini, L.; Peng, J. (2026). Generation of Proton Beams at Switchback Boundary-like Rotational Discontinuities in the Solar Wind. , The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 1000, Issue 2, A164, DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ae3f1b.Identifiers
Type
article
Peer-Review
Yes
Language
eng
