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    DNA barcoding reveals a largely unknown fauna of Gracillariidae leaf-mining moths in the Neotropics.

    Authors
    Lees, D.
    Kawahara, A.
    Rougerie, R.
    Ohshima, I.
    Kawakita, A.
    Bouteleux, O.
    De Prins, J.
    Lopez-Vaamonde, C.
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    Discipline
    Biological sciences
    Subject
    Invertebrates
    Audience
    Scientific
    Date
    2014
    Metadata
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    Description
    Higher taxa often show increasing species richness towards tropical low latitudes, a pattern known as the latitudinal biodiversity gradient (LBG). A rare reverse LBG (with greater richness towards temperate high latitudes) is exhibited by Gracillariidae leaf-mining moths, in which most described species occur in northern temperate areas. We carried out the first assessment of gracillariid species diversity in two Neotropical regions to test whether the relatively low tropical species diversity of this family is genuine or caused by insufficient sampling and a strong taxonomic impediment. Field surveys in six French Guianan and one Ecuadorian site produced 516 gracillariid specimens that were DNA barcoded to facilitate identification and to match larvae inside leaf mines with adults. Species delineation from sequence data was approximated using Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery and Refined Single Linkage Analysis through the Barcode Index Number system, and the proportion of described/undescribed species was estimated after comparison with types of 83% of described species. Locally, alpha-diversity far exceeds that of any known temperate fauna, with as many as 108 candidate species (59.3% as singletons) collected at one site, and with an estimated species richness lower bound of 240 species. Strikingly, at least 85% of the species collected as adults were found to be undescribed. Our sampling represents the most thorough survey of gracillariid species diversity in the Neotropics to date and the results from both our molecular and morphological analyses indicate that the current reverse LBG seen in this group is an artefact of insufficient sampling and a strong description deficit in the Neotropics.
    Citation
    Lees, D.; Kawahara, A.; Rougerie, R.; Ohshima, I.; Kawakita, A.; Bouteleux, O.; De Prins, J.; Lopez-Vaamonde, C. (2014). DNA barcoding reveals a largely unknown fauna of Gracillariidae leaf-mining moths in the Neotropics.. , Molecular Ecology Resources, Vol. 14, 286 296, ISSN: 1755-0998, DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12178.
    Identifiers
    issn: 1755-0998
    uri: https://orfeo.belnet.be/handle/internal/2232
    doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12178
    url: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1755-0998.12178/abstract
    Type
    Article
    Peer-Review
    Yes
    Language
    eng
    Links
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