Cholera is one of the deadliest diseases in Africa. It reappeared in the area of the African Rift in the late 70 s. The African Rift has been highlighted as major area of cholera propagation (Bompangue et al., 2008a). A link between cholera, phytoplankton blooms and copepod zooplankton has been demonstrated in Asia (Colwell et al., 1996). The African Great Lakes have been suspected to play a role as a reservoir of the bacteria V. cholerae, while human infection and movement are probably involved in the propagation of the disease inland. The objectives of the CHOLTIC project are to better understand the environmental conditions that trigger cholera outbreaks in the Lake Tanganyika region via an interdisciplinary study including the following aspects: (1) In situ monitoring of meteorology, limnology, phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish abundance and bacteriology during a period of three years and collaboration with DRC health authorities and epidemiology researchers. (2) Remote sensing to produce time series of daily images of Chl-a and lake-surface temperatures for the period 2000-2014. (3) Eco-hydrological modeling to investigate links between climate, nutrient mixing and variable abundance of different planktonic groups. (4) Microbiological monitoring and confirmation. (5) Genetic characterization by mass spectra identification of cholera strains. (6) Data analysis of spatio-temporal relationships between environmental factors and health data.