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    Coronal heating and solar wind acceleration for electrons, protons, and minor ions obtained from kinetic models based on kappa distributions

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    Authors
    Pierrard, V.
    Pieters, M.
    Discipline
    Physical sciences
    Subject
    AmMA
    Anthropogenic emissions
    Atmospheric ozone
    Nigeria
    NMVOC
    Satellites
    carbon monoxide
    glyoxal
    methane
    natural gas
    nitrogen dioxide
    ozone
    petroleum
    volatile organic compound
    air quality
    anthropogenic source
    atmospheric pollution
    formalde
    Audience
    Scientific
    Date
    2014
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Description
    Astrophysical and space plasmas are commonly found to be out of thermal equilibrium i.e., the velocity distribution functions of their particles are not well described by Maxwellian distributions. They generally have more suprathermal particles in the tail of the distribution. The kappa distribution provides a generalization to successfully describe such plasmas with tails decreasing as a power law of the velocity. In the present work, we improve the solar wind model developed on the basis of such kappa distributions by incorporating azimuthally varying 1 AU boundary conditions to produce a spatially structured view of the solar wind expansion. By starting from the top of the chromosphere to the heliosphere and by applying relevant boundary conditions in the ecliptic plane, a global model of the corona and the solar wind is developed for each particle species. The model includes the natural heating of the solar corona automatically appearing when an enhanced population of suprathermal particles is present at low altitude in the solar (or stellar) atmosphere. This applies not only for electrons and protons but also for the minor ions which then have a temperature increase proportional to their mass. Moreover, the presence of suprathermal electrons contributes to the acceleration of the solar wind to high bulk velocities when Coulomb collisions are neglected. The results of the model are illustrated in the solar corona and in solar wind for the different particle species and can now be directly compared in two dimensions with spacecraft observations in the ecliptic plane. Key Points Kappa distributions successfully describe plasmas out of thermal equilibrium A global kinetic model of the solar corona and solar wind is described The model is extended by incorporating azimuthally varying boundary conditions.
    Citation
    Pierrard, V.; Pieters, M. (2014). Coronal heating and solar wind acceleration for electrons, protons, and minor ions obtained from kinetic models based on kappa distributions. , Journal of Geophysical Research A: Space Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 12, 9441-9455, DOI: 10.1002/2014JA020678.
    Identifiers
    uri: https://orfeo.belnet.be/handle/internal/2812
    doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020678
    scopus: 2-s2.0-84921728407
    Type
    Article
    Peer-Review
    Yes
    Language
    eng
    Links
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