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    Ring-shaped velocity distribution functions in energy-dispersed structures formed at the boundaries of a proton stream injected into a transverse magnetic field: Test-kinetic results

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    Authors
    Voitcu, G.
    Echim, M.M.
    Discipline
    Physical sciences
    Subject
    E-field
    Electric drift
    Energetic particles
    Energy dependent
    Energy particles
    In-situ
    Initial velocities
    Kinetic features
    Magnetotails
    Neutral sheets
    Non-uniform distribution
    Numerical results
    Tangential discontinuities
    Trailing edges
    Transverse magnetic field
    Electric fields
    Electromagnetic fields
    Kinetic theory of gases
    Kinetics
    Laplace equation
    Magnetic fields
    Protons
    Remote sensing
    Plasmas
    Audience
    Scientific
    Date
    2012
    Metadata
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    Description
    In this paper, we discuss the formation of ring-shaped and gyro-phase restricted velocity distribution functions (VDFs) at the edges of a cloud of protons injected into non-uniform distributions of the electromagnetic field. The velocity distribution function is reconstructed using the forward test-kinetic method. We consider two profiles of the electric field: (1) a non-uniform E-field obtained by solving the Laplace equation consistent with the conservation of the electric drift and (2) a constant and uniform E-field. In both cases, the magnetic field is similar to the solutions obtained for tangential discontinuities. The initial velocity distribution function is Liouville mapped along numerically integrated trajectories. The numerical results show the formation of an energy-dispersed structure due to the energy-dependent displacement of protons towards the edges of the cloud by the gradient-B drift. Another direct effect of the gradient-B drift is the formation of ring-shaped velocity distribution functions within the velocity-dispersed structure. Higher energy particles populate the edges of the proton beam, while smaller energies are located in the core. Non-gyrotropic velocity distribution functions form on the front-side and trailing edge of the cloud; this effect is due to remote sensing of energetic particles with guiding centers inside the beam. The kinetic features revealed by the test-kinetic solutions have features similar to in-situ velocity distribution functions observed by Cluster satellites in the magnetotail, close to the neutral sheet.
    Citation
    Voitcu, G.; Echim, M.M. (2012). Ring-shaped velocity distribution functions in energy-dispersed structures formed at the boundaries of a proton stream injected into a transverse magnetic field: Test-kinetic results. , Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 2, 22903, DOI: 10.1063/1.3686134.
    Identifiers
    uri: https://orfeo.belnet.be/handle/internal/3053
    doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3686134
    scopus: 2-s2.0-84857861765
    Type
    Article
    Peer-Review
    Yes
    Language
    eng
    Links
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