Distichodus teugelsi, new species, is described from the middle Congo River basin. The species is distinguished from all other Distichodus species by the following combination of characters: presence of two rows of bicuspid teeth on upper jaw and a single one on lower jaw; unique colour pattern characterised by a light greenish band dividing the flanks into a darker greenish upper and lower part. Distichodus teugelsi is a dwarf species of Distichodus (maximum size: 65.0 mm TL), based on the presence of nearly ripe eggs in several female specimens (50.9-54.3 mm SL). With a single row of bicuspid teeth in the lower jaw, instead of two rows, both dwarf Distichodus species (D. teugelsi, D. decemmaculatus) differ in this respect from the current diagnosis of the genus.