The Earth’s climate undergoes significant changes, which are not yet fully understood. Recent climate models revealed that the Southern Hemisphere and Antarctica in particular could have been of significant influence in past abrupt and large climate change events. Although the Holocene has not experienced climate changes of the same magnitude as during the major Quaternary glaciations, it has been marked by many, often rapid, global temperature and precipitation anomalies. In order to understand how Antarctic temperature variation can impact other regions on Earth and to test competing models concerning the causes, the spatial interrelationships and characteristics of these climate anomalies, it is necessary to learn from the record of past natural climate variability.