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    SINBAD flight software, the on board software of NOMAD in ExoMars 2016

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    Authors
    Pastor-Morales, M.C.
    Rodríguez-Gómez, J.F.
    Morales-Muñoz, R.
    Gómez-López, J.M.
    Aparicio-del-Moral, B.
    Candini, G.P.
    Jerónimo-Zafra, J.M.
    López-Moreno, J.J.
    Robles-Muñoz, N.F.
    Sanz-Mesa, R.
    Neefs, E.
    Vandaele, A.C.
    Drummond, R.
    Thomas, I.R.
    Berkenbosch, S.
    Clairquin, R.
    Delanoye,S.
    Ristic, B.
    Maes, J.
    Bonnewijn, S.
    Patel, M.R.
    Leese, M.
    Mason, J.P.
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    Discipline
    Physical sciences
    Subject
    Antennas
    Computer hardware
    Computing systems
    Digital signal processing
    Interfaces
    Operating systems
    Software
    Audience
    Scientific
    Date
    2016
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Description
    The ALMA correlator back-end consists of a cluster of 16 computing nodes and a master collector/packager node. The mission of the cluster is to process time domain lags into auto-correlations and complex visibilities, integrate them for some configurable amount of time and package them into a workable data product. Computers in the cluster are organized such that individual workloads per node are kept within achievable levels for different observing modes and antennas in the array. Over the course of an observation the master node transmits enough state information to each involved computing node to specify exactly how to process each set of lags received from the correlator. For that distributed mechanism to work, it is necessary to unequivocally identify each individual lag set arriving at each computing node. The original approach was based on a custom hardware interface to each node in the cluster plus a realtime version of the Linux Operating System. A modification recently introduced in the ALMA correlator consists of tagging each lag set with a time stamp before delivering them to the cluster. The time stamp identifies a precise 16- millisecond window during which that specific data set was streamed to the computing cluster. From the time stamp value a node is able to identify a centroid (in absolute time units), base-lines, and correlator mode during that hardware integration. That is, enough information to let the digital signal processing pipeline in each node to process time domain lags into frequency domain auto-correlations per antenna and visibilities per base-line. The scheme also means that a good degree of concurrency can be achieved in each node by having individual CPU cores process individual lag sets at the same time, thus rendering enough processing power to cope with a maximum 1 GiB/sec output from the correlator. The present paper describes how we time stamp lag sets within the correlator hardware, the implications to their on-line processing in software and the benefits that this extension has brought in terms of software maintainability and overall system simplifications
    Citation
    Pastor-Morales, M.C.; Rodríguez-Gómez, J.F.; Morales-Muñoz, R.; Gómez-López, J.M.; Aparicio-del-Moral, B.; Candini, G.P.; Jerónimo-Zafra, J.M.; López-Moreno, J.J.; Robles-Muñoz, N.F.; Sanz-Mesa, R.; Neefs, E.; Vandaele, A.C.; Drummond, R.; Thomas, I.R.; Berkenbosch, S.; Clairquin, R.; Delanoye,S.; Ristic, B.; Maes, J.; Bonnewijn, S.; Patel, M.R.; Leese, M.; Mason, J.P. (2016). SINBAD flight software, the on board software of NOMAD in ExoMars 2016. , Proceedings of SPIE 9913, Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy IV, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, 26 June-1 July 2016, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Vol. 99133, 99133I, DOI: 10.1117/12.2230760.
    Identifiers
    uri: https://orfeo.belnet.be/handle/internal/4440
    doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2230760
    Type
    Conference
    Peer-Review
    No
    Language
    eng
    Links
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