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    Seismicity and outgassing dynamics of Nyiragongo volcano

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    Authors
    Barrière, J.
    d'Oreye, N.
    Oth, A.
    Theys, N.
    Mashagiro, N.
    Subira, J.
    Kervyn, F.
    Smets, B.
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    Discipline
    Earth and related Environmental sciences
    Subject
    volcano
    Nyiragongo
    lava lake
    seismology
    outgassing
    SO2
    Audience
    Scientific
    Date
    2019
    Metadata
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    Description
    Active lava lakes at volcanoes can be regarded as open windows to their magmatic systems. The dynamics of such lakes may therefore provide decisive insights into deeper magmatic processes, potentially leading to fundamental theoretical implications and volcano monitoring improvements. Among the rare volcanoes on Earth hosting a persistent lava lake, Nyiragongo in D.R. Congo directly threatens a massive population of roughly 1 million inhabitants. Here we analyze close-range (i.e., summit) and distant (around 17 km) seismic measurements acquired at this African volcano between 2011 and 2018 in order to better understand the seismic signature of the lava lake activity and how it relates to the deeper volcanic processes. Both summit and distant seismic records contain a similar continuous tremor pattern attributable to the lava lake activity. Combining this information with time-lapse camera images and lava lake level measurements confirms the mechanism of gas pistoning at Nyiragongo, which is characterized by short-duration (a few minutes long) and meter-scale level variations during the period of observation. We also characterize the dominant periodicity of this shallow tremor signature of about a few tens of minutes. Because this marked periodic pattern varies during a significant one-month fluctuation of SO2 emissions (estimated from space), we suggest that this particular seismic periodicity corresponds to the convective lake movement driven by the persistent degassing typical of active open-vent volcanoes. Finally, new seismic evidence reveals the effect of deep magmatic intrusion and consequent major pressure changes in the plumbing system, resulting in sudden and large drops of the lava lake level associated with strong degassing. Such transient episodes have similar characteristics to total lava lake drainage associated with flank eruptions already observed at this volcano in 1977 and 2002, or at Kīlauea volcano in 2018.
    Citation
    Barrière, J.; d'Oreye, N.; Oth, A.; Theys, N.; Mashagiro, N.; Subira, J.; Kervyn, F.; Smets, B. (2019). Seismicity and outgassing dynamics of Nyiragongo volcano. , Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 528, A115821, DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115821.
    Identifiers
    uri: https://orfeo.belnet.be/handle/internal/7365
    doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115821
    Type
    Article
    Peer-Review
    Yes
    Language
    eng
    Links
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