Since 2009, a new research project of the Royal Museums of Art and History has focussed on the pre-Pharaonic and Pharaonic habitation of the site of Elkab (Upper Egypt). During the first season of work a geophysical survey was conducted in the area immediately to the west of the temple and bordered in the north by the late Old Kingdom double curved wall, the so-called Double Walls of Elkab. The geophysical survey was aimed at locating the most promising areas with habitation remains and the results were subsequently verified by archaeological excavations concentrating on five test trenches. Even though preliminary, the results of the 2009 field season clearly corroborate the assumption of the presence of early Old Kingdom settlement remains at Elkab and their relatively good state of preservation. This confirms Elkab’s significant position within the settlement patterning of the ancient Egyptian state during the 3rd millennium BC.